In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most significant medical breakthroughs in reproductive medicine, offering hope and a proven path to parenthood for thousands of couples facing infertility. If you're wondering about the IVF stages, from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer, this comprehensive guide will walk you through every step — clearly and confidently.
We’ll explore:
- The full IVF procedure timeline
- Egg retrieval, egg fertilization, and embryo development
- Preimplantation genetic testing and embryo freezing
- IVF success rate, IVF complications, and success tips
- And much more, including IVF cost and treatment options
Let’s begin your journey toward understanding how science, care, and precision come together to make life possible.
Introduction to IVF Procedure
What Is the IVF Procedure?
The IVF procedure (in vitro fertilization) is an assisted reproductive technology where mature eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a laboratory. The resulting embryos are then transferred into the uterus, aiming to achieve a healthy pregnancy.
Performed under expert supervision, IVF is one of the most effective fertility treatments, especially when conventional methods have failed.
Why Is IVF Performed?
IVF is recommended for various causes of infertility, including:
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Severe male factor infertility
- Failed intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- Unexplained infertility
- Advanced maternal age
- Endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
It offers a targeted solution when natural conception isn’t possible.
Stage 1: Ovarian Stimulation
Ovarian Stimulation Drugs
The first stage of IVF stages is ovarian stimulation, where hormonal medications are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs in one cycle.
Common ovarian stimulation drugs include:
- FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) analogs
- GnRH agonists or antagonists to prevent premature ovulation
These injections are administered daily for 8–14 days, depending on individual response.
Monitoring Egg Development
Throughout stimulation, egg development is closely monitored using:
- Transvaginal ultrasounds to measure follicle size
- Blood tests to check estrogen and other hormone levels
This ensures optimal timing for egg retrieval and reduces risks like OHSS (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome).
Stage 2: Egg Retrieval
Egg Retrieval Procedure
Once follicles reach maturity, egg retrieval is performed. Using ultrasound guidance, a thin needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to aspirate fluid and eggs from each follicle.
The procedure takes 20–30 minutes and is minimally invasive, with high precision to preserve ovarian tissue.
Anesthesia During Egg Retrieval
Egg retrieval is performed under intravenous sedation, ensuring the patient feels no pain. After the procedure, patients rest for about an hour before being discharged the same day.
Recovery is quick, with mild cramping as the most common side effect.
Stage 3: Egg Fertilization
Conventional Fertilization
In conventional fertilization, mature eggs are placed in a culture dish with high-quality sperm, allowing natural fertilization to occur. This method is used when sperm parameters are normal.
Fertilization is checked after 16–18 hours, confirmed by the presence of two pronuclei.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
ICSI is a specialized technique where a single healthy sperm is injected directly into an egg using a microscopic needle. It’s used in cases of:
- Low sperm count or poor motility
- Previous fertilization failure
- Use of frozen or surgically retrieved sperm
IVF vs ICSI: While both are part of IVF, ICSI increases fertilization rates in male factor infertility.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) screens embryos for:
- Chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome)
- Inherited genetic disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis, thalassemia)
Recommended for women over 35 or couples with a family history of genetic diseases, PGT improves implantation rates and reduces miscarriage risk.
Stage 4: Embryo Development
Monitoring Embryo Growth
After fertilization, embryos are cultured in advanced incubators that mimic the natural uterine environment. They are monitored daily for:
- Cell division rate
- Symmetry and fragmentation
- Cytoplasmic quality
Embryologists select the healthiest embryos for transfer based on morphology and development speed.
Embryo Freezing
High-quality surplus embryos can be preserved using vitrification — a rapid-freezing technique that maintains viability for years.
Embryo freezing allows:
- Future IVF attempts without repeating egg retrieval
- Family planning over time
- Delayed transfer in cases of OHSS or hormonal imbalance
It’s a safe and widely used option in modern fertility care.
Stage 5: Embryo Transfer
Embryo Transfer Procedure
Embryo transfer is performed 3–5 days after fertilization. One or more healthy embryos are gently placed into the uterus via a thin catheter passed through the cervix.
The procedure is simple, painless, and requires no anesthesia. Patients can resume light activities immediately.
Number of Embryos Transferred
The number of embryos transferred depends on:
- Patient age
- Embryo quality
- Medical history
- Local regulations
Most clinics now recommend single embryo transfer (SET) to minimize multiple pregnancies, while still maintaining high success rates.
Stage 6: Pregnancy Test and Follow-up
When to Perform an IVF Pregnancy Test?
A blood test to measure hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is done 10–14 days after embryo transfer. This IVF pregnancy test is more accurate than home urine tests and confirms whether implantation has occurred.
Testing too early may lead to false results, so timing is crucial.
What to Do After Test Results?
- Positive result: A follow-up ultrasound is scheduled in 2–3 weeks to confirm fetal heartbeat and rule out ectopic pregnancy.
- Negative result: The doctor reviews possible causes and adjusts the treatment plan for future cycles, which may include protocol changes or additional testing.
Emotional support is essential during this sensitive phase.
IVF Success Rate
Factors Affecting Success
The IVF success rate varies based on several key factors:
- Female age (highest success under 35)
- Egg and sperm quality
- Uterine health (absence of fibroids or adhesions)
- Lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI, stress)
- Underlying medical conditions
Younger patients typically have higher live birth rates per cycle.
IVF Success Tips
To improve your chances:
- Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet
- Take supplements like folic acid, CoQ10, vitamin D
- Avoid smoking, Harmful Drinks, and excessive caffeine
- Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or counseling
- Choose a clinic with high success rates and experienced embryologists
Following medical advice precisely enhances outcomes.
Cost and Available Options
IVF Cost
The IVF cost varies by country, clinic, and treatment complexity. In Turkey, it remains highly competitive compared to Western countries, offering excellent value without compromising quality.
Packages often include:
- Diagnostic tests
- Hormonal medications
- Egg retrieval and fertilization
- Embryo transfer
- Sometimes accommodation and translation
Additional costs may apply for ICSI, PGT, or embryo freezing.
Available Treatment Options
Depending on individual needs, available treatment options include:
- Standard IVF
- IVF with ICSI
- Frozen embryo transfer (FET)
Your fertility specialist will recommend the best approach based on your diagnosis and goals.
Conclusion
Understanding the IVF procedure — from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer — empowers you to take an active role in your fertility journey. Each stage is carefully designed to maximize your chances of success, supported by advanced science and compassionate care.
At Safemedigo Clinic, we offer a complete, personalized IVF experience — from your first consultation to hearing your baby’s first heartbeat. Our team combines cutting-edge technology, international expertise, and holistic support to guide you every step of the way.
Don’t wait — contact us today to schedule a free consultation and start your journey toward parenthood with confidence.
Frequently Asked Questions: IVF Procedure Explained: From Fertilization to Embryo Transfer
How long does the IVF process take?
The entire IVF duration takes about 4 to 6 weeks, from ovarian stimulation to pregnancy test.
Is there a difference between IVF and ICSI results?
No — ICSI is a part of the IVF procedure used to improve fertilization. Success rates are similar when ICSI is appropriately indicated.
What is the IVF success rate?
The IVF success rate ranges from 40% to 50% per cycle for women under 35, decreasing with age.
Can embryos be frozen after fertilization?
Yes, embryo freezing is a safe and common practice, allowing future transfers with high survival rates.
What causes IVF to fail?
Common IVF failure factors include poor egg/sperm quality, uterine issues, chromosomal abnormalities, and lifestyle factors.